Assignment 4 plan detail

(Cecchini & Scott 2003

Chilimo & Ngulube 2009

Flor 2001

Franklin 2007

Gerster & Zimmermann 2003

Kelles-Viitanen 2003

Kenny, Navas-Sabater & Qiang 2001

Quibria, Tschang & Reyes-Macasaquit 2002

Sofowora 2009

Urquhart, Liyanage & Kah 2008)

Increasing opportunities

Enhancing empowerment

Improving security

 

Enhancing empowerment

    Flor 2001 11 Police Adcocacy online interaction

    For the government delivery of service

Kelles-Viitanen 2003, p.86 poor people are often unaware of their rights, entitlements and availability of various government schemes and extension services

Kelles-Viitanen 2003, p. 88 support a culture of democracy, democratic processes and civic values that uphold a democratic

Kelles-Viitanen 2003, p. 88 the quality of governance is critical to poverty reduction. Good governance facilitates pro-poor plicy

Kelles-Viitanen 2003, p. 89 ICT facilitate speedy, transparent, accountable, efficient and effective interaction between the public, citizen business

Without the land of record, the land is dead.

    Kenny, Navas-Sabater & Qiang 2001, p. 7 amplifying the voices of poor,

Urquhart, Liyanage & Kah 2008, p.206 good governance is an important input for poverty alleviation and

    Franklin 2007, p. 35 bridge the information divide across their countries – a divide that threatens to reinforece inequalities in wealth

 

1 education and health

Kelles-Viitanen 2003, p. 87 there are many successful examples of the role of ICTs to promote health and education of the poor and preventing poverty that can originate from poor health

Franklin 2007, p. 36 promoting human development by enhancing the human capital base so as to produce a workforce that is hghly skilled and knowledge

    Education

Some studies have found that

        Flor 2001 1 education application fully support

        Flor 2001 1 3 Learning distance and education not only the hardware and software but also with content development skills

Flor 2001, p. 17 the educational applications o ICT should be fully supported their economic potential

Kenny, Navas-Sabater & Qiang 2001, p. 11 radio-based educational programming across a range of subjects and topics (math, language, health, and agriculture) have been found to be highly cost-effective.

        Urquhart, Liyanage & Kah 2008, p. 205 knowledge for poverty reduction.

Urquhart, Liyanage & Kah 2008, p. 206 make it possible to impart literacy and numeracy to children of poor parents; and fighting against child malnutrition is availale to household, especially the mother (Chowdhury 2000, cite in )

        Franklin 2007, p. 34 unable to afford the relatively high cost of computer skills training offered by private sector providers

Franklin 2007, p. 44 ICTs can economically extend access to quality education, even to the remotest regions. They also provide flexible learning option capable o addressing not only formal educational needs but also the expanding needs for non-formal education in areas such literacy, numeracy, public health and hygiene, as well as laour-market training and lifelong learning and special human challenges such as the HIV-AIDS epidemic, orphans and street children.

Sofowora 2009, p. 5 empowering people health and education

Chilimo & Ngulube 2009, p. 103 utilize ICTs to local education, enhance local health care;

Quibria, Tschang & Reyes-Macasaquit 2002, p. 293

ICTs for educational and learning opportunities

An important distinguishing characteristic of the poor is that they have few

assets, including human capital. Most of them have little or no education.

One way for the poor to escape poverty is to improve their human capital

by way of education. Education can be formal or informal.

poor. Distance education through

radios has historically been quite an effective mechanism in many countries,

and many new ICT programs are being designed around these. Distance

education can also offer valuable credential opportunities for

commercial employment for workers seeking work in the more modern sector.

First, distance education via

Second, web-augmented learning – this involves use

Third, more advanced ICT-enabled learning environments

– this involves the creation of new learning environments, in which

both pedagogy and content take on such new forms as computer tutors,

deliver y of asynchronously 'chunked' Web-based lectures

 

        

 

    Health

Cecchini & Scott 2003, p. 74 improving access to basic service: India healthcare delivery project

Kelles-Viitanen 2003, p. 87 digital camera to record patient's symptoms, sending picture electronically to be diagnose in a nearby town by a local doctor, or sending them aboard to get a specialist's view (UNDP, 2001)

Kelles-Viitanen 2003, p. 87

Kenny, Navas-Sabater & Qiang 2001, p. 7 has a role in improving the quality of health service,

Cut the cost both health and education

Quibria, Tschang & Reyes-Macasaquit 2002, p. 294 healthcare workers around the world, and to provide access to medical

information from other countries about illnesses and treatments

2 barriers

    Language barriers and computer barriers

Kenny, Navas-Sabater & Qiang 2001, p. 7 a daily one hour live radio program in which an announcer and a panel of resource persone

Has povern to be capable of overcoming linguistic barriers in using the Internet by non-English speakers

Adeya 2002, p. 14 the developed countries are creating the core software and hardware for the Internet. In addition, 90% of Internet production is not only in English, but is also mostly produced in the developed countries. Moreover, the sites are presented in concepts typical of the West. Finally, the possibilities of access and use are completely related to levels of development of electrification, telecommunications and education

    Insufficient fund

Cecchini & Scott 2003

Flor 2001 1

Flor 2001 16 country apply for development assistance loans,ICT infrastructure should be contry-specific, at the most

Kelles-Viitanen 2003, p. 90 sustainable and pro-poor growth with investment both in physical and social infrastructure,

Promote the equity and Empowerment

Good government with effective policies and institutions

Kenny, Navas-Sabater & Qiang 2001, p. 9 fulfilling the communication needs of te poor is to leverage the full potential of market mechanisms in reaching out to poor communities, private market.

Kenny, Navas-Sabater & Qiang 2001, p. 10

    Localize apporiate content

Cecchini & Scott 2003, p.81 Community involvement

Local, governmental, non governmental and international organizations planning ICT prohects in the

field should thoroughly assess the information needs of a community should be thoroughly assessed

before launching ICT projects

be used in the context of ICT initiatives [26].

Content provided through ICT should not be limited to the knowledge that can be accessed from

outside sources, but rather extended to ensure that the poor have the means to speak for themselves.

Flor 2001 1 region approach to program development should be adopted

Flor 2001 14 similar knowledge share similr regional knowledge networks on natural resources management should be established to have a direct impact on poverty

Kenny, Navas-Sabater & Qiang 2001, p.10 the radio interpreting it into local discussion and networks of local correspondents,

Without the appropriate content, for example

        Quibria, Tschang & Reyes-Macasaquit 2002, p. 294

This text can be interpreted back

into voice and read out aloud by the computer. With this technology, an

illiterate woman can talk to the computer and start learning how to read

and write (Asia Society 2000)

3 solutions to this problem

    Live hoop model

    Improve human capital

 

Conclusion

    Flor 2001, p.15 technological interventions alone cannot bridge the Digital Divide; make the content available for the users.

Kelles-Viitanen 2003, p. 91 the role of ICT catalytic in this complex task of poverty reduction by leveraging effects on earning opportunities, on educational and health services, on good governance and on promoting democracy.

ICT combating poverty

With properly used, it can greatly increase the ability of the poor to benefit from economic development and form development programs meant to help them.

Kenny, Navas-Sabater & Qiang 2001 , ICTs as a powerful tool of poverty relief.